Brain Infection

A brain infection occurs when pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites invade the brain or its surrounding tissues, leading to inflammation. These infections can be life-threatening if not treated promptly.

Causes

• Bacteria: Meningitis (infection of the meninges) or brain abscess caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Neisseria meningitidis.
• Viruses: Encephalitis triggered by herpes simplex virus, rabies, or arboviruses like West Nile virus.
• Fungi: Cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompromised individuals (e.g., those with HIV/AIDS).
• Parasites: Neurocysticercosis caused by Taenia solium (pork tapeworm) or toxoplasmosis in individuals with weak immunity.

Symptoms

Symptoms depend on the type and severity of the infection, including:

• General Symptoms: Fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting.
• Neurological Symptoms: Seizures, confusion, altered consciousness, and sensitivity to light.
• Focal Symptoms: Weakness, numbness, or difficulty speaking, depending on the infected brain area.

Treatment:

Treatment aims to eliminate the infection and manage symptoms. It varies based on the pathogen:

• Bacterial Infections: Intravenous antibiotics (e.g., ceftriaxone) and steroids to reduce inflammation.
• Viral Infections: Antiviral medications (e.g., acyclovir for herpes encephalitis) and supportive care.
• Fungal Infections: Antifungal agents like amphotericin B or fluconazole.
• Parasitic Infections: Antiparasitic drugs (e.g., albendazole) combined with corticosteroids.